VIMAX Pills can enlarge your penis size up to 3-4 Inches in length and up to 25% in girth !

surgical penis enhancement penis enlagement stretcher

VIMAX Pills is a powerful natural herbal male enhancement formula that increases penis length and girth, sexual desire, sexual health and helps to achieve stronger erections. Combining the formulations of the type of herbs found in many parts of the world that have been proven to work for many years, you can now enjoy the full benefits of our product. Some of the same type of herbs found in Polynesia where the men of the Mangaian tribe have sex on the average of 3 times a night, every night. While this is not what you may wish, it is nice to know your sexual performance can improve substantially.

After many years of medical Research and Development, our company is pleased to offer you a 100% Natural and Safe Product that can safely and permanently enlarge your penis size up to 3-4 Inches in length and up to 25% in girth. Discover what our "proven to work" formula can do for you by ordering today. Many men were skeptical at first but after they gave our pills a try their sex life and self esteem changed for the better.Our pills will improve your overall sexual health, make you feel younger and you will have more pleasurable orgasms. You can take one pill 2 times per day to keep the effects of VIMAX PILLS in your system and to promote virility enhancement.

100% Safe and Natural Herbal Ingredients

Epunedum Sagitum or Horny Goat Weed - Known in China as Yin Yang Huo. Chinese top medical doctors report that horny goat weed boosts libido and improves erectile function. Used to restore sexual fire and allay fatigue.

Saw Palmetto - Known to stimulate a low libido in males and to increase sexual energy. A compound in saw palmetto has aphrodisiac effects.

Ginkgo - Medicinal use of ginkgo can be traced back 5,000 years in Chinese herbal medicine.The herb also increases blood flow to the genitals which improves sexual function. In one study 78% of a group of men with impotence reported significant improvement without side effects.

Other Ingredients: Muira Puama (balsam), Velvet, Damiana (leaf), Cayenne (fruit), Oats (entire plant), Avena sativa, Ginseng (root), Panax Ginseng, Caltrop (fruit) Tribulus terrestris.

does vig rx work compare penis enargement pills

VIMAX Pills helps you gain:

  • Stronger and more intense orgasms
  • Substantially increase your sexual desire and stamina
  • The appearance of your penis will arouse your sex partners.
  • You will have bigger erections. Because of increased blood flow your erections grow harder.
  • Erections when you want them. Rock hard erections every time. No more problems because you can't get it up and keep it up. VIMAX PILLS will keep the blood flowing to your penis so you will always get hard and stay hard.

Do VIMAX Pills really work?

We get many emails from our customers that say our pills helped them regain their sexual ego. It's up to you when to stop taking our pills since they are 100% safe and made from natural products. We had one customer write to us that he decided to stop the pills after he no longer felt embarrassed when making love. His penis used to be below average, 5 inches to be exact, now he is 7 inches and is fully satisfied. He wrote us saying that now his woman receives an orgasm 95% of the time they make love, before she could barely get excited.

"I'm very grateful to Pillsexpert for bringing such miraculous changes to my life. Having gained 2.5 inches from the 4 months supply and became more passionate and sexually attractive I was even able to fix the relationship with my wife (we were on the verge of the divorce) by simply having great sex with her. I feel more confident now and …I'm just happy!!! You know how they say it: ”Miracles don't just happen, they are firstly very well prepared.” No doubt that your company put a lot of time and effort to start helping people. Thank you so much and good luck to you." Mark Andrew, FL

pennis enlargement pills do pennis enlargement pills really work

Why are we #1 on the market?

Consider the difference between a 7, 8 or 9 inch penis that is thicker and a penis that is 4 to 6 inches and narrower. With a larger penis you penetrate more sensitive areas of the woman. Your longer penis probes deeper searching those special nerve endings. The added width to your penis fills and presses her from side to side to give your partner the most exhilarating sensations. The results are permanent. You control the growth because once you reach your optimum size you could stop taking VIMAX PILLS. We say you could stop taking VIMAX PILLS because it is not necessary to be larger then 9 inches. Most women can only comfortably accommodate a 9 inch penis. Anything larger than that may be too large for most women. Nine inches or more then 9 inches, the choice is yours.

Unlike other clones, Vimax Pills are made from only high end ingredients available to bring you best results possible. We run a serious business and treat as such, unlike other companies that appear out of nowhere and then disappear with your money without ever sending you a product you paid for.

magna rx testimonials vimax home penis enlargement

Prices

penis enlargment factfree exercise tip for penis enargementfree exercise tip for pnis enlargementmagna rx ingredientsvimax penis enlargement programplus review vigrx

40% Order This Deal

Price: $234.95

Price Per Bottle: $39.15

Saving: $124.75

vimax enlargement free penis pills samplevig rxvigrx penis enlargment pillprosolution penile enlargment pillsmedical pnis enlargement

21% Order This Deal

Price: $214.95

Price Per Bottle: $42.99

Saving: $84.80

penis enlagement secretpennis enlargement factpenis enhancement traction devicevimax top penis enlargement pills

14% Order This Deal

Price: $189.95

Price Per Bottle: $47.48

Saving: $49.85

penile enlargement before and afterpnis enlargement resulthome penile enlargment

12% Order This Deal

Price: $154.95

Price Per Bottle: $51.65

Saving: $24.90

penis elargement pills reviewpenis enlagement surgeries

8% Order This Deal

Price: $109.95

Price Per Bottle: $54.98

Saving: $9.95

penis enlargment pic

5% Order This Deal

Price: $59.95

Price Per Bottle: $59.95

Saving: $0.00

Most of the orders placed before 1PM Eastern Standard Time are shipped the same day.
Worldemail or IP-PILLSEXPERT will appear on your credit card statement.
All orders are shipped in discreet packaging.

penis enargement before and after photo

Zenegra Generic Viagra is an Impotence drug launched by Alkem and used to help men suffering from Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) in getting and sustaining erection while sexual intercourse. Erectile dysfunction or Impotence is a medical condition under which a man does not able to get and / or sustain an erection for long enough time. Zenegra does not cure ED but provide a treatment for getting erection only if he is sexually stimulated. The Ed can be cured only if it's primary causes can be tackled. Zenegra can be an aid for enhancing sex life in men even if they are not suffering from impotence. Men taking Zenegra have reported an amplified sex drive, increased stamina, and quicker recharges. Taking just half of dose of Zenegra will increase erection efficiency tremendously. Zenegra works together with sexual stimulation to help achieve maximum sexual satisfaction. Zenegra is sold online at cheap prices. How Zenegra Works Zenegra is composed of a chemical called Sildenafil Citrate. In man suffering from Erectile Dysfunction, production of cGMP breaks down which actually relaxes the arteries in the penis by a an enzyme called as PDE5. Because of which arteries do not sufficiently dilate and so enough blood does not reach in the penis to cause an erection. Zenegra inhibit the effect of PDE5. When a man takes Zenegra, sildenafil Citrate enters his bloodstream and flows throughout his body. Sildenafil citrate of Zenegra attaches to the PDE5 enzyme in his penis and disables most of it. When the man becomes sexually aroused, the brain sends the normal message to the NANC cells in his penis, which produce nitric oxide as usual. The nitric oxide creates cGMP, which starts relaxing the arteries in his penis. Since the PDE5 has been disabled, the cGMP in the penis does not break down. Instead, it builds up and lets the arteries in the penis fully dilate. His penis inflates with blood, and the man gets a full erection. In this way Zenegra solve the Erectile Dysfunction problem. Zenegra should be taken by only MEN either suffering from Erectile Dysfunction or willing to enjoy sex life by having good erection. Zenegra is not for CHILDREN and WOMEN. Zenegra is taken by mouth as needed 45min before sexual activity. Take only as directed, usually half a Zenegra 100mg pill once daily as needed. Zenegra works along with sexual stimulation to help achieve an erection. Zenegra starts showing it 's effects within 30 minutes and last for four hours. Only half of Zenegra 100mg is sufficient. It is advisable to take Zenegra once in a day. Before taking Zenegra it is advisable to consult to a physician. If you are taking any medicines that contain nitrates either regularly or on need you should never take Zenegra .If you take Zenegra with any nitrate medicine, your blood pressure could suddenly drop to an unsafe level. You could get dizzy, faint, or even have a heart attack or stroke. Also tell your doctor if you had or have any heart problems, a stroke Low or high blood pressure, a rare inherited eye disease called retinitis pigmentosa, any kidney problems or any liver problems ,any blood problems including sickle cell anemia or leukemia, a llergies to Sildenafil of Zenegra or any of the other ingredients of Zenegra tablets, so that he can advise whether to take or not to take Zenegra. Like other Erectile Dysfunction drugs,Zenegra also has some side effects. -Most common Zenegra side effects include headache, flushing of the face and upset stomach. -Less common Zenegra side effects that may occur are temporary changes in colour vision,eyes become more sensitive to light ,blurred vision. -In rare instances an erection can lasts even more than four hours as Zenegra side effect. Heart attack, stroke, irregular heartbeats and death is also noticed in people taking zenegra. Zenegra may cause other side effects besides those listed on this sheet. Zenegra can be stored at room temperature between 59 and 86 degrees F (15-30 degrees C) away from light and moisture .Also Keep Zenegra away from children. For more click Zenegra natural penis enlargment vigrx penis pill magna rx testimonials penis enlargement without pills penis enargement stretcher free exercise tip for penis elargement free penis enlargement video penis enlagement before and after

penis enargement before and after photo

There’s always something the other guy has that you might want: a cool car, a great boss, an incredible job title, or a high-tech gadget. But no matter who you are, there’s one thing every guy has to deal with sometimes: the rare occasion where he can’t have or sustain an erection. In fact people with high stress jobs or on-the-go lifestyles can be more susceptible to the exhaustion, flu-and-cold symptoms, or stress that can make it difficult to have sex. For some men, though, erectile dysfunction (or ED) becomes a recurring problem. Diabetes, high blood pressure, or clogged arteries can reduce blood flow to the penis. ED can also be caused by physical blockages (like prostate enlargement), hormonal imbalance, or medications (like antidepressants). For about 20% of men with ED, psychological issues may be contributing to the problem. It’s important to realize that many of these causes have nothing to do with age. If you are experiencing problems with ED, it doesn’t mean you’re getting “old” – it’s just a sign to make some minor changes. Take Charge For many of the causes of ED, managing the underlying illness or problem will be enough to improve sexual function. In some cases, however, Cialis can help with sexual activity. Cialis works on both the muscles and the blood vessels of the penis. It encourages the blood vessels to open up so that more blood can enter the penis. Once the blood is there, the spongy muscles that make up the bulk of the penis relax so the blood vessels have room to expand, creating an erection. Cialis will never be in control: You will. Some men are concerned that they won’t be able to control when an erection occurs... just like junior high. But Ciallis only works in conjunction with sexual stimulation. Cialis is ready exactly when you are. More importantly though, you don’t have to interrupt a relaxing moment over dinner to take a pill “just in case.” Cialis has been shown to work for up to 36 hours (yep, no stress.) so you can take it in the morning and not have to worry about it when you’ve got more important things going on! Talk with your doctor to see if Cialis is right for you. There are very few side effects associated with Cialis, but knowing about them can help prepare you. Rarely, men do experience muscle aches, especially in the back, after they take the pill. They should go away on their own, but if the aches hang around for more than 24 hours, give your doctor a call. Some drugs that affect your heart and blood pressure can have serious interactions with Cialis, particularly nitrate drugs (for chest pain) and many (though not all) alpha blockers (for high blood pressure). Other drugs can also interact with Cialis, so take a list of all the drugs you’re taking with you talk with your doctor about Cialis. You’re ready to go! Once you and your doctor have discussed Cialis and determined that it’s right for you, grab that prescription and head to the pharmacy! If you prefer discretion, you can fill the prescription at a reputable on-line pharmacy. That’s the end of your ED worries and the start to real sex, without the stress! enlargement manhattan pnis surgeon penis elargement doctor vimax real penis enlargement pennis enlargement pic before and after penis enlagement surgery picture enlargment manhattan penile surgeon penis elargement product penis enlagement before and after picture penis enargement before and after photo

Testosterone is an androgenic hormone produced chiefly by the testes. It is responsible for the growth of secondary sex characteristics in men. A small amount of testosterone is present in the body of women also. The deficiency or excessive amounts of this hormone causes many side effects in the human body. Many debates have been conducted among scientists and healthcare professionals on the side effects of testosterone. Almost all unwanted side effects of testosterone are caused the androgenic properties of the hormone. The usage of synthetic testosterone helps people with HIV-related wasting gain weight. A man with testosterone deficiency experiences decreased sex drive, moodiness, and fatigue. Testicular function deceases with age. This phenomenon is usually found in men after the age of thirty. The supplementation of the hormone sometimes tends to slow down the body?s natural ability to produce testosterone. This is the major side effect found in men. Vomiting, nausea, swelling of the arms and legs, yellowing of the skin and eyes, and prolonged and painful erections are the early signs of serious side effects. Using excess amount of artificial testosterone causes serious allergic reactions such difficulty in breathing, swelling of the tongue, lips, or face. In women, hoarseness, male-pattern baldness, deepening of voice, excessive hair growth, and menstrual irregularities are the main side effects. Prolonged use of testosterone in higher doses may result in shrinking of testicles, gynecomastia (breast growth in men), decreased or increased sex drive, and a number of less serious side effects such as acne, decreased sperm production in men, clitoral enlargement, male pattern baldness, and water retention. Liver damage and cancer are the other serious side effects caused by testosterone. free penile enlargment pills penis enlarement cream vimax manual penis enlargement exercise penis enlargement information surgical penis enhancement medical pnis enlargement online vigrx buy penis enlagement pills penis enargement before and after photo

The terms, AIDS and HIV, have been common currency for over twenty years and in many parts of the world it can seem as if the threatened crisis never happened. We do not see the drama anticipated from a mass epidemic, but you may not be aware that more than one million adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS in the United States alone. That figure is alarming but it pales in comparison with sub-Saharan Africa, where the number affected is more than 25 million adults and children. Here are some facts on AIDS and HIV that everyone needs to understand. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: • Acquired means you can get infected with it • Immune Deficiency means a weakness in the body’s fight against disease. • Syndrome means the symptoms that make up a disease. AIDS is caused by a virus called Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). If you get infected with HIV, your body tries to fight the infection by producing “antibodies”. When you have a blood test for HIV, it looks for the presence and concentration of these antibodies. As the HIV disease continues, the immune system becomes weaker and, normally harmless viruses, bacteria and fungal infections can cause more sickness than if you had been healthy. You can get infected with the virus in a number of ways: • Having sex with an infected person • Sharing a needle with an infected person • Being born from an infected mother • Drinking human milk from an infected woman • Blood transfusion with infected blood The symptoms of HIV start with fever and headache, similar to influenza. The virus can meanwhile multiply in the body, damaging your immune system and making the recovery longer and longer. HIV later becomes AIDS, when the immune system is severely diminished with serious weight loss, brain tumours and other infections. There is no cure for AIDS. The drugs that are currently available simply slow the HIV damage to the Immune System. SAFER SEX HIV infection can be transmitted during sex via blood or sexual fluids from one infected person to another. Unsafe sex has a high risk of spreading HIV. When blood or sexual fluids touch the soft, moist mucous membranes inside the rectum, vagina, mouth, nose or at the tip of the penis, the HIV can enter the body. The use of condoms is vital to stop the spread of the HIV. Cuts, sores or bleeding gums increase the risk of being infected. Lubricants can increase sexual stimulation; but oil based lubricants like petroleum jelly, oils or creams can damage condoms and other latex barriers and make them ineffective as a barrier to infection. Oral sex has a high risk of transmitting HIV, especially if sexual fluids get in the mouth and there is bleeding, sores or mouth ulcers. Condoms without lubricants are best for oral sex. If you are not infected, sex with just one partner, who is also uninfected, is the safest way to stay healthy! free penis enlarement tip guide to penis enhancement best penis enhancement surgery do pennis enlargement pills really work vimax free penis enlargement best penis enlagement top rated pennis enlargement pills result review vigrx penis enargement before and after photo

Alan Pease, author of a book titled "Why Men Don't Listen and Women Can't Read Maps", believes that women are spatially-challenged compared to men. The British firm, Admiral Insurance, conducted a study of half a million claims. They found that "women were almost twice as likely as men to have a collision in a car park, 23 percent more likely to hit a stationary car, and 15 percent more likely to reverse into another vehicle" (Reuters). Yet gender "differences" are often the outcomes of bad scholarship. Consider Admiral insurance's data. As Britain's Automobile Association (AA) correctly pointed out - women drivers tend to make more short journeys around towns and shopping centers and these involve frequent parking. Hence their ubiquity in certain kinds of claims. Regarding women's alleged spatial deficiency, in Britain, girls have been outperforming boys in scholastic aptitude tests - including geometry and maths - since 1988. On the other wing of the divide, Anthony Clare, a British psychiatrist and author of "On Men" wrote: "At the beginning of the 21st century it is difficult to avoid the conclusion that men are in serious trouble. Throughout the world, developed and developing, antisocial behavior is essentially male. Violence, sexual abuse of children, illicit drug use, alcohol misuse, gambling, all are overwhelmingly male activities. The courts and prisons bulge with men. When it comes to aggression, delinquent behavior, risk taking and social mayhem, men win gold." Men also mature later, die earlier, are more susceptible to infections and most types of cancer, are more likely to be dyslexic, to suffer from a host of mental health disorders, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and to commit suicide. In her book, "Stiffed: The Betrayal of the American Man", Susan Faludi describes a crisis of masculinity following the breakdown of manhood models and work and family structures in the last five decades. In the film "Boys don't Cry", a teenage girl binds her breasts and acts the male in a caricatural relish of stereotypes of virility. Being a man is merely a state of mind, the movie implies. But what does it really mean to be a "male" or a "female"? Are gender identity and sexual preferences genetically determined? Can they be reduced to one's sex? Or are they amalgams of biological, social, and psychological factors in constant interaction? Are they immutable lifelong features or dynamically evolving frames of self-reference? Certain traits attributed to one's sex are surely better accounted for by cultural factors, the process of socialization, gender roles, and what George Devereux called "ethnopsychiatry" in "Basic Problems of Ethnopsychiatry" (University of Chicago Press, 1980). He suggested to divide the unconscious into the id (the part that was always instinctual and unconscious) and the "ethnic unconscious" (repressed material that was once conscious). The latter is mostly molded by prevailing cultural mores and includes all our defense mechanisms and most of the superego. So, how can we tell whether our sexual role is mostly in our blood or in our brains? The scrutiny of borderline cases of human sexuality - notably the transgendered or intersexed - can yield clues as to the distribution and relative weights of biological, social, and psychological determinants of gender identity formation. The results of a study conducted by Uwe Hartmann, Hinnerk Becker, and Claudia Rueffer-Hesse in 1997 and titled "Self and Gender: Narcissistic Pathology and Personality Factors in Gender Dysphoric Patients", published in the "International Journal of Transgenderism", "indicate significant psychopathological aspects and narcissistic dysregulation in a substantial proportion of patients." Are these "psychopathological aspects" merely reactions to underlying physiological realities and changes? Could social ostracism and labeling have induced them in the "patients"? The authors conclude: "The cumulative evidence of our study ... is consistent with the view that gender dysphoria is a disorder of the sense of self as has been proposed by Beitel (1985) or Pfäfflin (1993). The central problem in our patients is about identity and the self in general and the transsexual wish seems to be an attempt at reassuring and stabilizing the self-coherence which in turn can lead to a further destabilization if the self is already too fragile. In this view the body is instrumentalized to create a sense of identity and the splitting symbolized in the hiatus between the rejected body-self and other parts of the self is more between good and bad objects than between masculine and feminine." Freud, Kraft-Ebbing, and Fliess suggested that we are all bisexual to a certain degree. As early as 1910, Dr. Magnus Hirschfeld argued, in Berlin, that absolute genders are "abstractions, invented extremes". The consensus today is that one's sexuality is, mostly, a psychological construct which reflects gender role orientation. Joanne Meyerowitz, a professor of history at Indiana University and the editor of The Journal of American History observes, in her recently published tome, "How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States", that the very meaning of masculinity and femininity is in constant flux. Transgender activists, says Meyerowitz, insist that gender and sexuality represent "distinct analytical categories". The New York Times wrote in its review of the book: "Some male-to-female transsexuals have sex with men and call themselves homosexuals. Some female-to-male transsexuals have sex with women and call themselves lesbians. Some transsexuals call themselves asexual." So, it is all in the mind, you see. This would be taking it too far. A large body of scientific evidence points to the genetic and biological underpinnings of sexual behavior and preferences. The German science magazine, "Geo", reported recently that the males of the fruit fly "drosophila melanogaster" switched from heterosexuality to homosexuality as the temperature in the lab was increased from 19 to 30 degrees Celsius. They reverted to chasing females as it was lowered. The brain structures of homosexual sheep are different to those of straight sheep, a study conducted recently by the Oregon Health & Science University and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Sheep Experiment Station in Dubois, Idaho, revealed. Similar differences were found between gay men and straight ones in 1995 in Holland and elsewhere. The preoptic area of the hypothalamus was larger in heterosexual men than in both homosexual men and straight women. According an article, titled "When Sexual Development Goes Awry", by Suzanne Miller, published in the September 2000 issue of the "World and I", various medical conditions give rise to sexual ambiguity. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH), involving excessive androgen production by the adrenal cortex, results in mixed genitalia. A person with the complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) has a vagina, external female genitalia and functioning, androgen-producing, testes - but no uterus or fallopian tubes. People with the rare 5-alpha reductase deficiency syndrome are born with ambiguous genitalia. They appear at first to be girls. At puberty, such a person develops testicles and his clitoris swells and becomes a penis. Hermaphrodites possess both ovaries and testicles (both, in most cases, rather undeveloped). Sometimes the ovaries and testicles are combined into a chimera called ovotestis. Most of these individuals have the chromosomal composition of a woman together with traces of the Y, male, chromosome. All hermaphrodites have a sizable penis, though rarely generate sperm. Some hermaphrodites develop breasts during puberty and menstruate. Very few even get pregnant and give birth. Anne Fausto-Sterling, a developmental geneticist, professor of medical science at Brown University, and author of "Sexing the Body", postulated, in 1993, a continuum of 5 sexes to supplant the current dimorphism: males, merms (male pseudohermaphrodites), herms (true hermaphrodites), ferms (female pseudohermaphrodites), and females. Intersexuality (hermpahroditism) is a natural human state. We are all conceived with the potential to develop into either sex. The embryonic developmental default is female. A series of triggers during the first weeks of pregnancy places the fetus on the path to maleness. In rare cases, some women have a male's genetic makeup (XY chromosomes) and vice versa. But, in the vast majority of cases, one of the sexes is clearly selected. Relics of the stifled sex remain, though. Women have the clitoris as a kind of symbolic penis. Men have breasts (mammary glands) and nipples. The Encyclopedia Britannica 2003 edition describes the formation of ovaries and testes thus: "In the young embryo a pair of gonads develop that are indifferent or neutral, showing no indication whether they are destined to develop into testes or ovaries. There are also two different duct systems, one of which can develop into the female system of oviducts and related apparatus and the other into the male sperm duct system. As development of the embryo proceeds, either the male or the female reproductive tissue differentiates in the originally neutral gonad of the mammal." Yet, sexual preferences, genitalia and even secondary sex characteristics, such as facial and pubic hair are first order phenomena. Can genetics and biology account for male and female behavior patterns and social interactions ("gender identity")? Can the multi-tiered complexity and richness of human masculinity and femininity arise from simpler, deterministic, building blocks? Sociobiologists would have us think so. For instance: the fact that we are mammals is astonishingly often overlooked. Most mammalian families are composed of mother and offspring. Males are peripatetic absentees. Arguably, high rates of divorce and birth out of wedlock coupled with rising promiscuity merely reinstate this natural "default mode", observes Lionel Tiger, a professor of anthropology at Rutgers University in New Jersey. That three quarters of all divorces are initiated by women tends to support this view. Furthermore, gender identity is determined during gestation, claim some scholars. Milton Diamond of the University of Hawaii and Dr. Keith Sigmundson, a practicing psychiatrist, studied the much-celebrated John/Joan case. An accidentally castrated normal male was surgically modified to look female, and raised as a girl but to no avail. He reverted to being a male at puberty. His gender identity seems to have been inborn (assuming he was not subjected to conflicting cues from his human environment). The case is extensively described in John Colapinto's tome "As Nature Made Him: The Boy Who Was Raised as a Girl". HealthScoutNews cited a study published in the November 2002 issue of "Child Development". The researchers, from City University of London, found that the level of maternal testosterone during pregnancy affects the behavior of neonatal girls and renders it more masculine. "High testosterone" girls "enjoy activities typically considered male behavior, like playing with trucks or guns". Boys' behavior remains unaltered, according to the study. Yet, other scholars, like John Money, insist that newborns are a "blank slate" as far as their gender identity is concerned. This is also the prevailing view. Gender and sex-role identities, we are taught, are fully formed in a process of socialization which ends by the third year of life. The Encyclopedia Britannica 2003 edition sums it up thus: "Like an individual's concept of his or her sex role, gender identity develops by means of parental example, social reinforcement, and language. Parents teach sex-appropriate behavior to their children from an early age, and this behavior is reinforced as the child grows older and enters a wider social world. As the child acquires language, he also learns very early the distinction between "he" and "she" and understands which pertains to him- or herself." So, which is it - nature or nurture? There is no disputing the fact that our sexual physiology and, in all probability, our sexual preferences are determined in the womb. Men and women are different - physiologically and, as a result, also psychologically. Society, through its agents - foremost amongst which are family, peers, and teachers - represses or encourages these genetic propensities. It does so by propagating "gender roles" - gender-specific lists of alleged traits, permissible behavior patterns, and prescriptive morals and norms. Our "gender identity" or "sex role" is shorthand for the way we make use of our natural genotypic-phenotypic endowments in conformity with social-cultural "gender roles". Inevitably as the composition and bias of these lists change, so does the meaning of being "male" or "female". Gender roles are constantly redefined by tectonic shifts in the definition and functioning of basic social units, such as the nuclear family and the workplace. The cross-fertilization of gender-related cultural memes renders "masculinity" and "femininity" fluid concepts. One's sex equals one's bodily equipment, an objective, finite, and, usually, immutable inventory. But our endowments can be put to many uses, in different cognitive and affective contexts, and subject to varying exegetic frameworks. As opposed to "sex" - "gender" is, therefore, a socio-cultural narrative. Both heterosexual and homosexual men ejaculate. Both straight and lesbian women climax. What distinguishes them from each other are subjective introjects of socio-cultural conventions, not objective, immutable "facts". In "The New Gender Wars", published in the November/December 2000 issue of "Psychology Today", Sarah Blustain sums up the "bio-social" model proposed by Mice Eagly, a professor of psychology at Northwestern University and a former student of his, Wendy Wood, now a professor at the Texas A&M University: "Like (the evolutionary psychologists), Eagly and Wood reject social constructionist notions that all gender differences are created by culture. But to the question of where they come from, they answer differently: not our genes but our roles in society. This narrative focuses on how societies respond to the basic biological differences - men's strength and women's reproductive capabilities - and how they encourage men and women to follow certain patterns. 'If you're spending a lot of time nursing your kid', explains Wood, 'then you don't have the opportunity to devote large amounts of time to developing specialized skills and engaging tasks outside of the home'. And, adds Eagly, 'if women are charged with caring for infants, what happens is that women are more nurturing. Societies have to make the adult system work [so] socialization of girls is arranged to give them experience in nurturing'. According to this interpretation, as the environment changes, so will the range and texture of gender differences. At a time in Western countries when female reproduction is extremely low, nursing is totally optional, childcare alternatives are many, and mechanization lessens the importance of male size and strength, women are no longer restricted as much by their smaller size and by child-bearing. That means, argue Eagly and Wood, that role structures for men and women will change and, not surprisingly, the way we socialize people in these new roles will change too. (Indeed, says Wood, 'sex differences seem to be reduced in societies where men and women have similar status,' she says. If you're looking to live in more gender-neutral environment, try Scandinavia.)"